More than 85% of
dogs and cats that are at least 4 years old have a condition in
which bacteria attack the soft gum tissue. This condition is
called periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is the final
stage in a process that begins with the development of plaque on
your pet's teeth. Plaque is a substance that forms when bacteria
multiply on the teeth and gums. Plaque mixes with saliva,
hardens, and becomes the substances known as tartar and
calculus. Bacteria, plaque, tartar, and calculus irritate the
gums, which become tender, red, and swollen. This stage of
dental disease is called gingivitis. Eventually inflamed gums
separate from the teeth, creating pockets that can trap more
bacteria. These pockets deepen and bacteria may attack the roots
of the teeth and the bony tissue of the jaw, causing teeth to
loosen, the gums to bleed, mouth odor, and pain when your pet
eats. This is full-blown periodontal disease.
Bacteria from the teeth and gums can enter the bloodstream
and may travel to major organs and begin infection there. Among
organs that are most often affected are the lungs, heart,
kidneys, and liver. Parts of the nervous system may be affected
as well. Although these infections are usually treatable when
caught at an early stage, they can cause serious damage to these
organs and, if not caught in time, may cause death.
Periodontal disease can be prevented and treated. The keys to
your pet's oral health are professional veterinary dental care
and good care at home. Too few pets receive both and most don't
receive either. You can change that today!
Step 1. Visit your veterinarian.
In addition to a physical examination and medical history, the
doctor will examine your pet's teeth and gums. Recommendations
may be made for cleaning, polishing, and other dental care in
the hospital, or your veterinarian may suggest a program of home
dental care.
Step 2. Professional dental care.
If your pet already has evidence of periodontal disease, a
professional cleaning is in order. Depending on your pet's age
and physical condition, the doctor may request that blood
analyses, radiography, or other diagnostic tests be performed to
evaluate the heart, liver, and kidneys for coexisting disease
before proceeding with general anesthesia.
Once your pet is under anesthesia, accumulated tartar and
calculus is removed by ultrasonic and hand scaling. Teeth
needing fillings or root canals can be repaired and teeth that
are beyond repair can be extracted. Finally the teeth are
polished to slow down formation of new plaque, tartar, and
calculus. If there is evidence of major bone loss or another
serious oral condition, your veterinarian may refer you to a
veterinary dental specialist.
Step 3. Dental care at home.
For cats and dogs, regular brushing is an important part of any
preventive dental program. A special toothbrush and toothpaste
for pets are recommended. Your veterinarian can show you the
proper way to brush your pet's teeth.
Feeding your pet coarse-textured food may help prevent
accumulation of plaque, tartar, and calculus. Ask your
veterinarian to advise you as to the best diet for your pet.
Step 4. Return to your veterinarian for regular dental
checkups every 6 to 18 months, or as recommended.
